Luminescence and Charge Trapping in Cs2HfCl6 Single Crystals: Optical and Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study

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Single crystals of Cs2HfCl6 have recently been identified as promising scintillating material. Furthermore, extended first-principles calculations of Cs2HfCl6 electronic and optical properties have been reported, which, among others, indicate the self-trapping of holes and electrons in the form of VK and polaron centers, respectively. Renewed interest in halide scintillators appeared in the late 1990s when rare-earth-based halides were studied and later on the Ce-doped LaCl3, LaBr3, and CeBr3 were discovered as scintillators with both the high light yield and excellent energy resolution. Further optimization of the LaBr3:Ce by divalent ion codoping provided the material with the best energy resolution within single-crystal scintillators. Moreover, a growing interest in materials from the elpasolite group, such as Cs2LiYCl6:Ce, Cs2LiLaCl6:Ce, Cs2NaLaBr6:Ce, Cs2NaLaI6:Ce, and Cs2LiLaBr6:Ce, and those with mixed anions has arisen.(10, 11) Among them, the Li-containing compositions can also be considered for thermal neutron detection. Most recently, SrI2:Eu single crystal was rediscovered, having ultrahigh light yield and excellent energy resolution as well. Similarly, the LuI3:Ce single crystals have been repeatedly addressed and found to be very competitive in the view of achievable light yield. All of the above-mentioned materials are highly hygroscopic, which makes their practical application difficult and expensive.

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Description
Fragment of the Cs2HfCl6 lattice with models of Vk centers. The Vk(a) center is created by two Cl ions belonging to the same octahedron. The Vk(b) center is created by one Cl lattice ion and interstitial Cl ion placed along [100] crystal directions.